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The secret of rotation in a circle, and thus a sphere is the quarter circle that is defined by the semi circle! .
Once you grasp that mystery i, pi, and the radian measure become insuperable and the notation for expressing algebraic labelling of dynamic processes becomes clear, the lineal algebra, both quarter arc and radius , segment and chord semi circle and diameter become invariant magnitudes that have an invariant ratio . I mean to say the invariance is captured by the ratio.

Thus ratio is how we discriminate unchanging truths in a dynamic fluid space time that may seem chaotic..

Newton never excluded chaos. He focused on that still ratio that exists in our measurement schemes to control chaos. That magic unit circle tames the chaos monster only by keeping it at bay . Rotation and Logos Analogos are curious for that very reason: they constrain that which is older fully chaotically unpredictable within defined bounds, but they never change the nature of the beast, the natural dynamic curvature of space-time or the aether.

That is the true space- time manifold : a dynamic trochoidal backdrop to everything we perceive or establish. Measurement scheme for. And not just objectively but also subjectively. We are in and of  this space- time manifold and fractally entrained .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)#1E-15

Orders of magnitude basically best estimates

Electron scattering and other techniques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
ratios

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=J9zupDFlB0Y
The Boscovich Argon nucleus visualised in Bill Shanks Trochoid.

http://m.youtube.com/watch? V=U1dPGi7bxO8

The Boscovich carbon atom nucleus in Bill Shanks TroTorted .

This is a 3d visualisation but the app is a simple version Bill wrote as a test of some ideas. It has 4 circular vectors and thn 2 sine vectors. The 4 circles are probably oriented on the faces of a tetrahedron and the 2 sines move this tetrahedron through quarter turns rather than circles..

The path is highlighted, but the surface motion is not visible in this video

This dynamic model of carbon nucleus reflects JJ Thompsons sticky plum pudding model as relevant to the Boscovich theory of force and obviates the instability of radially repulsive "forces" .