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Author Topic: 4D Menger sponge  (Read 17606 times)
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makc
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Posts: 272



« on: January 19, 2010, 11:17:11 AM »

I like this "add a dimension" game (like you guys did it in 3D mandelbrot quest, or... cough). Any way, I was inspired by this post by Daniel White and decided to add a dimension, and see what Menger sponge would look like in {w,x,y,z}.

Obvious thing to try was w = const, but it was a bit boring. Going w=0 upwards, you have your regular 3D sponge geting fluffy until turning into something like 3D Cantor dust at w=0.5. This is w=0.34, for example:
    http://xs.to/image-2E7C_4B55826A.jpg

Then I tried main diagonal, w=1-x-y-z, and it looked more interesting:
    http://xs.to/image-A811_4B55826A.jpg
    http://xs.to/image-D8E8_4B55826A.jpg
    http://xs.to/image-EAC2_4B55826A.jpg

The problem is that my PC has no enough horsepowers to render anything more than these "preview quality" shots. And I would like to see some hi-res zooms, or more interesting locations, or fly-through movies, or maybe rotating hyperplane "morphing" movies, etc. That's why I am posting this in "collaboration" tongue stuck out

To whoever wants to step in, here goes the code:
Code:
bool hitTest (double x, double y, double z) {
// pick w at any hyperplane crossing unit hypercube
double w = 1 - x - y - z;
int iterations = 7;
if ((x<0)||(x>1)||(y<0)||(y>1)||(z<0)||(z>1)||(w<0)||(w>1)) return false;
double p = 3;
for (int m = 1; m < iterations; m++) {
double xa = fmod (x*p, 3);
double ya = fmod (y*p, 3);
double za = fmod (z*p, 3);
double wa = fmod (w*p, 3);
if (/* any two coordinates */
((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)) ||
((ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)   &&   (za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0)) ||
((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0)) ||
((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)) ||
((ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)   &&   (wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)) ||
((wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)   &&   (za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0))
) return false;
p *= 3;
}
return true;
}

double approxDistance (double x, double y, double z) {
// this should save some cpu
double w = 1 - x - y - z;
int iterations = 7;
double d = -1;
if (x < 0) if ((d < 0)||(-x < d)) d = -x;
if (x > 1) if ((d < 0)||(x-1 < d)) d = x-1;
if (y < 0) if ((d < 0)||(-y < d)) d = -y;
if (y > 1) if ((d < 0)||(y-1 < d)) d = y-1;
if (z < 0) if ((d < 0)||(-z < d)) d = -z;
if (z > 1) if ((d < 0)||(z-1 < d)) d = z-1;
if (w < 0) if ((d < 0)||(-w < d)) d = -w;
if (w > 1) if ((d < 0)||(w-1 < d)) d = w-1;
if (d > 0) return d;

double p = 3;
for (int m = 1; m < iterations; m++) {
double xa = fmod (x*p, 3);
double ya = fmod (y*p, 3);
double za = fmod (z*p, 3);
double wa = fmod (w*p, 3);
d = -1;
if ((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(xa-1 < d)) d = xa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-xa < d)) d = 2-xa;
if ((d < 0)||(ya-1 < d)) d = ya-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-ya < d)) d = 2-ya;
}
if ((za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0)   &&   (ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(za-1 < d)) d = za-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-za < d)) d = 2-za;
if ((d < 0)||(ya-1 < d)) d = ya-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-ya < d)) d = 2-ya;
}
if ((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(xa-1 < d)) d = xa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-xa < d)) d = 2-xa;
if ((d < 0)||(za-1 < d)) d = za-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-za < d)) d = 2-za;
}
if ((xa > 1.0) && (xa < 2.0)   &&   (wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(xa-1 < d)) d = xa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-xa < d)) d = 2-xa;
if ((d < 0)||(wa-1 < d)) d = wa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-wa < d)) d = 2-wa;
}
if ((wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)   &&   (ya > 1.0) && (ya < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(wa-1 < d)) d = wa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-wa < d)) d = 2-wa;
if ((d < 0)||(ya-1 < d)) d = ya-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-ya < d)) d = 2-ya;
}
if ((wa > 1.0) && (wa < 2.0)   &&   (za > 1.0) && (za < 2.0)) {
if ((d < 0)||(wa-1 < d)) d = wa-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-wa < d)) d = 2-wa;
if ((d < 0)||(za-1 < d)) d = za-1;
if ((d < 0)||(2-za < d)) d = 2-za;
}
if (d > 0) return d / p;
p *= 3;
}
return 0;
}

« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:17:16 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #1 on: January 19, 2010, 11:44:37 AM »

Couldn't resist another render, w = 1.5 + x - y - z

    http://xs.to/image-8727_4B558CAE.jpg

I am naming it "David sponge"  cheesy
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:11:18 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
Nahee_Enterprises
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« Reply #2 on: January 19, 2010, 11:53:38 AM »

    Couldn't resist another render, w = 1.5 + x - y - z
    I am naming it "David sponge"   cheesy

Glad you added another one.  You have a few interesting variations posted here.
 
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:11:51 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged

makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #3 on: January 19, 2010, 12:25:09 PM »

Glad you added another one.  You have a few interesting variations posted here.

Remember that beauty is in the eye of beholder smiley E.g., you prefer regular, polyhedra-like shapes, I prefer irregular ones with more complexity... but I would agree that I simply have a few variations posted. That's because I don't have enough math powers to predict what particular choice of w would look like; and here we could use before mentioned "morphing" video in minimal quality.

Btw, taking it another step further w does not even have to be a plane, this is w = x*x + y*y + z*z
    http://xs.to/image-1157_4B55965E.jpg

And this is w = (x-0.5)*(x-0.5) + (y-0.5)*(y-0.5) + (z-0.5)*(z-0.5)
    http://xs.to/image-D8EF_4B559ADA.jpg
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:13:43 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
cKleinhuis
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« Reply #4 on: January 19, 2010, 12:44:39 PM »

cool ones, even if i do not really get what you are doing with the w component
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divide and conquer - iterate and rule - chaos is No random!
makc
Strange Attractor
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Posts: 272



« Reply #5 on: January 19, 2010, 12:49:10 PM »

...i do not really get what you are doing with the w component
you can't normally "see" 4D thing, only intersection of it with 3D space. so w(x,y,z) defines where does it intersect.

another approach is to project 4D into 3D - in that case, you would see whole thing, but its parts would overlap each other and look rather messy. I guess all of that is explained in wiki tesseract article.
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Nahee_Enterprises
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« Reply #6 on: January 19, 2010, 12:53:59 PM »

    Remember that beauty is in the eye of beholder smiley E.g., you prefer regular, polyhedra-like shapes,
    I prefer irregular ones with more complexity...

Most times that is a true statement, occasionally a more chaotic form attracts me.    wink

    Btw, taking it another step further w does not even have to be a plane, this is w = x*x + y*y + z*z

I have been trying to determine if this is a portion of a sphere or of a wheel.  Hard to tell with such a small area of the whole visible.  But the autistic part of my brain prefers the circular patterns.     evil
 
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:14:46 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged

makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #7 on: January 19, 2010, 04:43:25 PM »

Couldn't resist another render, w = 1.5 + x - y - z

I am naming it "David sponge" cheesy

Revisiting this one, it seems to be very fluffy... and there are some strange features.  I wonder if they are real, or just render bugs undecided yep these were bugs.
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:18:52 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
kram1032
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Posts: 1863


« Reply #8 on: January 19, 2010, 06:42:29 PM »

no matter, wether those are render-bugs or not: They look great cheesy

I like the star-cuts in the "David-songe"
And I wonder what David'll say to that honour xD
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makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #9 on: January 19, 2010, 11:12:37 PM »

decided to switch to some solid ray tracer, downloaded pov ray. discovered the bitch does not support loops (they need to be unrolled).

edit: here's final 3d sponge pov; renders "as is" in 121 seconds to this:

    http://xs.to/image-6E88_4B564885.jpg

so the plan is to use its (yet to come) 4d version to quickly find good angles, and then render full-scale images in background.

Quote
I wonder what David'll say to that honour xD

Err... he's dead... for last 3000 years Sceptical
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:19:41 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #10 on: January 20, 2010, 02:51:22 AM »

ok, good news: this works

    http://xs.to/image-114B_4B56608B.jpg

bad news: it crawls. the image above took 1561 seconds to render, which is about 10 minutes more than longest render using my own code.

unless anyone figures out how to fix this without patching pov ray, I give up it  sad
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:20:24 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #11 on: January 20, 2010, 02:47:16 PM »

I had some help with this, and now it renders above image in 59 116 seconds.

* menger4d.pov.txt (2.69 KB - downloaded 435 times.)
« Last Edit: January 20, 2010, 02:51:46 PM by makc, Reason: different camera location » Logged
Nahee_Enterprises
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« Reply #12 on: January 20, 2010, 03:02:57 PM »

    bad news: it crawls.  the image above took 1561 seconds to render,
    which is about 10 minutes more than longest render using my own code.

    I had some help with this, and now it renders above image in 59 116 seconds.

Considerable difference in time!!!  Glad to hear it is rendering faster.  Does that mean we will get to see more images soon ??     smiley
 
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:21:32 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged

makc
Strange Attractor
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Posts: 272



« Reply #13 on: January 21, 2010, 09:53:07 AM »

Does that mean we will get to see more images soon ??     smiley
Maybe some scraps. As I said before, my PC is not the fast one sad Right now I have this thing rendering fore more than 5 hours already; at that rate it might finish rendering in a week... so I will probably terminate it.

edit: so yeah I cancelled that render, commented out radiosity, added another light and rendered this (clicky):

    http://xs.to/thumb-DFCD_4B5850C2.jpg

I think it turned out quite shitty considering 1 hour and 28 minutes. I am going to render it again using same settings, however, to make an anaglyph, because I can't really imagine this shape from shading.

So, to see more images, download povray and run it.
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:23:07 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
makc
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Posts: 272



« Reply #14 on: January 21, 2010, 03:11:58 PM »


I am going to render it again using same settings, however, to make an anaglyph, because I can't really imagine this shape from shading.
I cheated and rendered 1/4 of the size for red (left eye). This gives enough for 3d effect (clicky):

    http://xs.to/thumb-D2C3_4B585FD1.jpg

This is how you would see 4D Menger sponge were you living in hyperbolic 3D universe (or real universe is flat, however, so if God were to build 4D sponge and swing it through our world you would see David sponge, not this).
« Last Edit: September 10, 2013, 11:23:52 AM by Nahee_Enterprises » Logged
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