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hi,
currently i making a program to implement IFS function in java applet...

anyone know how to create pine image like source below using ifs?

source:  http://www.worldofstock.com/closeups/NPF2748.php

what i know is about constructing Barnsley's Fern. that can be specified as a series of 28 numbers to feed into the calculation process.
like :
   0      0      0    .16     0      0    .01
  .85   .04   -.04    .85     0    1.6    .85
  .2   -.26    .23    .22     0    1.6    .07
 -.15   .28    .26    .24     0     .44   .07

the calculation process i pick from :
source :http://www.home.aone.net.au/~byzantium/ferns/fractal.html

so, my really question are :
1. how to create calculation process to build pine structure? anyone have a solution?
2. is about 2d became 3d, as we know Barnsley's Fern is 2dimensional leaf, in other hand pine is 3dimensional..
    are there any algorithm to solve that?

thanks a lot  ;D

hi, welcome to the forum  O0

those numbers you specified are linear transformations (2x2 matrix with offset vector) and their probabilities for the "chaos game".

the xforms are the key: they take the unit square and shape it into a part of the fern. so to design a different "shape" (attractor), you would change the xforms to create the desired shape (people use this technique to design words made of the word itself, etc).

same process, except in 3d you take the unit cube and transform it into parts of the shape you want. there will be several of these, and their probabilities, well... start with a uniform distribution (1/N each for N xforms) and do a lot of tweaking ;)

there is something called the "collage theorem" devised by barnsley, used in fractal image compression. that's pretty advanced stuff though i think, at least i've never seen a good description of how it's done.

here are some good links i found on the subject:

http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ctk/ifs.shtml
http://www.math.okstate.edu/mathdept/dynamics/lecnotes/node47.html


hmmm they do a much better job than my explanation!  :P

lycium thanks for your replied, your links help me a lot for understanding the college theorem.
but i still dont get enough idea for making 3d pine leaf using xforms, maybe i used to read more about that..

anyway, i get another question in my mind, what is probability used for? haha.. im very noob in this things....

thanks a lot..

The probabilities thenselves are only required/used when rendering using the chaos game and they are used on each iteration to decide which transform to use next, the probabilities should sum to 1 - here's a little pseudo-code.

iteration loop:
  Generate random ( 0 to 1 )
  i = 0
  repeat
    if (random=random-probability(i))<=0
       break
    endif
  until (i=i+1)>=numtransforms-1
  now apply transform i to the point

etc.

Of course the above assumes there are at least 2 transforms :)

Thanks a lot david  :D i got the idea for that.. phew... this thesis confusing me a lot,but  its very grateful to learn more about fractal..

seems like this paper might be useful: http://graphics.cs.uiuc.edu/~jch/papers/jifs.pdf