Title: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 15, 2012, 06:10:04 PM Hi there, I found this thingy http://mathdl.maa.org/images/upload_library/23/stemkoski/knots/page7.html
It opens an interesting question to me, hope you are able to find the answer. In Mandelbulb, routines must be calculated pixel by pixel. So we can manipulate x,y,z and the next iter will compute the function with those new values for x,y,z. Okay! In DIFS mode, that is awesome, I can define a function R, that defines the estimation of the distance from the surface of the fractal of the given pixel. How do I find such a distance in the case of the knot? Inverting the relationships is not easy because it is not a "function" so distance is not unique I think. I need to find the minimum distance of course... Any idea :hmh: (For example ok, tan(2*t) = y/x but atan() is not unique. Same goes for asin(z/R) ) Direct relationship Point (x,y,z) belongs to the "knot" if it is one of those infinitely^2 ;D many points; Code: For 0<t<2pi and 0<R<1.5; (for example) problem; How can I check if a point (x,y,z) belongs to the knot? Better; Given a point (x,y,z) find the minimum possible positive value for R that satisfies the relationship using an efficient algorythm Don't post approximate solutions like calculate the direct relationship 200 times and see what's the nearest point, because it is not really good... Thanks :-* Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: David Makin on January 15, 2012, 09:05:16 PM Given the method for standard DE for Mandys and Julias I'd guess an analytical method using the derivatives may provide a solution ?
You have x = f(t), y= g(t) and z = h(t) therefore I'd guess something involving f', g' and h' might help ? Of course the best solution to your problem which I presume is rendering 3D knots is not to test if a point is on the knot or to get the minimum distance to a point on the knot but rather to intersect a viewing ray directly with the knot, i.e. find (the smallest positive) a in (x0,y0,z0)+a*(dx,dy,dz) = ( R*cos(2*t) * (3 - cos(3*t)), R*sin(2*t) * (3 - cos(3*t)), R*sin(3*t) ) given x0,y0,z0 and dx,dy,dz. I'd guess there is a very quick way to render 3D knots given the quantities of such images (and animations) that Jos Leys has produced :) http://www.josleys.com/articles/ams_article/Lorenz3.htm (http://www.josleys.com/articles/ams_article/Lorenz3.htm) http://www.josleys.com/show_gallery.php?galid=306 (http://www.josleys.com/show_gallery.php?galid=306) http://www.josleys.com/show_gallery.php?galid=303 (http://www.josleys.com/show_gallery.php?galid=303) Unfortunately they aren't something I've looked into - as is probably obvious from this reply ;) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 15, 2012, 10:44:27 PM David I am wondering a simpler method, there must be :)
Let us take a torus. Distance from a torus is; pow(sqr(sqrt(xx + yy)-R1)+zz-R2, something) if xx is sqr(x) and so on So if i juggle a bit with this I can get many things ;) first of all using min and max instead of powers and roots gives us a squared tube. I think that with a poly fold and a twist factor a knot will pop up ;) The reference plane is defined by; sqrt(xx+yy) and z. Rotations and folds must act in this plane. atan2(y,x) is the planar angle useful for 3d twists like mobius strips and knots ;) Will check more tomorrow cheers! Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 16, 2012, 11:23:16 AM The torus is done, with dIFS is easy to create crazy combinations. :D
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 16, 2012, 11:30:04 AM Four flavours of torus ;)
Sorry for the flood but I can't enclose more than one image per post ::) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 17, 2012, 06:01:11 PM I've completed the routine! :dink: :dink: :dink: Whew very hard to find the correct one. :'(
It needs a torsion factor; Code: Tfactor = (a + b/polyfoldOrder) * atan2(y,x) Then ... another angle; Code: Angle = (pi/2 - atan2(x,z)) * polyfoldOrder / twopi ... plus other things :o or it does not work. Anyway some plots enclosed. :) :) :) It plots very fast btw :dink: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: knighty on January 17, 2012, 06:51:38 PM :worm: Awesome! :worm:
:thumbsup1: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 17, 2012, 07:35:23 PM :worm: Awesome! :worm: :thumbsup1: :embarrass: :embarrass: :embarrass: Omg thanks so much. :) ;D :drink: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: Syntopia on January 17, 2012, 08:43:20 PM Yes, very impressive, DarkBeam!
I tried to implement your formula, but there are many parameters... What should the params for R1,R3,a,b, and polyfoldOrder be for something like the upper left corner picture? And, indeed, what is a polyfold? A search on Wikipedia took me to some frightening places discussing symplectomorphisms and Floer homologies... Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: bib on January 17, 2012, 08:43:41 PM Cool!! :o But are these done in M3D? If yes, where is the m3f ?
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: Jesse on January 17, 2012, 11:57:10 PM You see me impressed too, Darkbeam!
I was wondering if this would be even possible, but you already gave the answer :) Also the DE's seems to be very good, respect! ps: bib, look here for formulas: http://www.fractalforums.com/mandelbulb-3d/re-custom-formulas-and-transforms-release-t9810/ Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: lycium on January 18, 2012, 12:10:57 AM DE for a trefoil knot?! i too am impressed, great work luca :D
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 09:49:31 AM :embarrass: :embarrass: :embarrass:
You are confusing me... Too much honor ^-^ Okay, let's have a look to the theorical blabla that made this possible, then I will try to decipher my own formula again for all the other people :dink: And it's not a DE for the trefoil only, but for all sorts of torical knots :D They all share the same principle :banana: :chilli: :banana: Don't look at the orientations and all other details, it's only a sketch for having a rough idea of what the f*** the transform does. If you can have it ;) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; trefoil knot routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 10:07:26 AM Code: // we modify copies of the variables not the variables ;) I hope that it's all ... and that it works for everyone. Syntopia please try it :dink: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 18, 2012, 10:48:30 AM nice, i like the 2 folded strings as well, :mandel:
ehrm, when i see this right, we can now start to begin include DE's for any other shape ? any chance for including a supershape-DE ? ;) :) :horsie: and today is the no wikipedia day, we need to survive without, thanks to paul bourke http://paulbourke.net/geometry/supershape3d/ Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 18, 2012, 11:03:26 AM i tried the d.IFS.torusIFS, i just got a single torus, and could change the position, hybrids where copies, and the box parameters gave me the rectangular torus??
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 11:07:35 AM ;D :dink:
Supershape is much easier to do, because it's an implicit surface. Well it should be at least for an incomplete implement :embarrass: Boxy are ON/OFF settings set a nozero to enable ;D For getting a knot use KnotsIFS.m3f O0 Parametric surfaces must be inverted to give a DE, that's hard to do :sad1: Not all knots are possible with my routine. Example of what you cannot get http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figure_8_knot.png :evil1: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 18, 2012, 11:16:38 AM where is the "delete formula" button ?!?!
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 11:29:57 AM :o Why delete? You can hide it - right click on the list to show a popup menu :tease:
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 01:30:26 PM Hey! I think it is the figure eight knot;
Mandelbulb3Dv17{ V.....S....O/.../....2.....fqMzHsm8A.b468pAn0C3EfvlKe7t5HxvZ8LzOGylIz8j/4aX0MR0k ................................OaNaNaNadz1........A./..................y.2..... ................/M.0/....6kl....8.....E2.....QzIXLua2PrD/..........m/dkpXm1....U z.....kD12../..........wz..................................u1....y1...sD...../.. .w1...sDECayXi7lqx1..........WjJy0vma8ejv8jrnNkXCr9YXdzcPGgRzEEnhwuma8ej2oQ9jigd WuXyKt9g9PecyYmQF6ua2PrD......Y0..............kD.2....sD..kz0................... .............oAnAr1...sD....z.MRg4.6qlO..P5f/.qRg4..slO.UW5f/.ISg4....../....k1. ..................kz.wzzz1.U..6.P....M4...EB....W....k1....F....8/...I1.....Sl42 ...U.qFG9yzb2zzzRYoWzz7lz16.mc..zXCc.El18XGQeGyDjvIRhrVAkz1..........2.28.kFrA0. FWb96aAIVzvh1se7Umvxz0........../6U0.wzzz1................................E.0c.. zzzz.................................2U.8.kzzzD................................. /6U0.wzzz1...................................2CcN/UvNP6.eeWCNq0.yRii.EJJUk1f..XR S1.mx3CcN/UvNP6.QsLsUa3.ibhV..bTV1OK.sSq40.ly3CcN/UvNP6.MwLsUa3.ibhV.kqTV1OK.sSq 40.kz3CcN/UvNP6...EsUa3.eeWCNq0.IJ36wk8.wyLsUa3................................. E....6....E.....I....g....kGix4RnZYFH/kPrJaQ..........................U1C....6U. 06.................4./.........E........................................kz1..... ...wz........U.E........kz1........3.LaNaNaNaN.k................................ .....................2.....3....7....EbQVtqQaxaQhZYFH/.......................... ....4MU/06U..................................................U.E........E.2..... ...0.1.......................................................................... ................................} How cutie :D Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Syntopia on January 18, 2012, 06:13:10 PM Thanks, DarkBeam - it is a great system.
Here is a GLSL version: Code: void rotate(inout vec2 v, float angle) {...now, what about a DE for these Coxeter polytopes?: http://www.math.cmu.edu/~fho/jenn/index.html Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 18, 2012, 08:57:15 PM ehrm, how to combine those DEs with standard fractals ???
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: subblue on January 18, 2012, 10:33:41 PM Yet again very impressive stuff DarkBeam! Syntopia, your renderer is looking very tasty ;)
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 18, 2012, 11:31:31 PM syntopia you are kidding right? ;D
Those polytopes look damnedly complicated to me. Anyway do you know what is the 4d to 3sphere projection algorithm? Jesse was looking for it . thanks Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Jesse on January 19, 2012, 12:14:56 AM Anyway do you know what is the 4d to 3sphere projection algorithm? Jesse was looking for it . thanks Really, can't remember? ehrm, how to combine those DEs with standard fractals ??? DE combo... (maybe in future: use the coords of the other fractal after n iterations or something) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: subblue on January 19, 2012, 01:08:17 AM Using Syntopia's GLSL snippet in Knighty's Pseudo Kleinian example (http://www.fractalforums.com/fragmentarium/fragmentarium-an-ide-for-exploring-3d-fractals-and-other-systems-on-the-gpu/msg32270/#msg32270) :)
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 19, 2012, 08:35:09 AM Omg... Jesse and Subblue! :D
Techniques used? :D Edit for Jesse; see this about projections; http://www.dimensions-math.org/Dim_CH3_E.htm :beer: Even better this; with formulas!!! http://teamikaria.com/hddb/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=61 :beer: :beer: :beer: Code: pt3.x = pt4.x-((pt4.w-ppdist)*(pt4.x-obspt.x)/(pt4.w-obspt.w)) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 19, 2012, 11:39:06 AM any example m3f files ?! :)
so, those de function cant be used to be incorporated in the fractals ? they just can be used in a layered manner ?! .... btw. what a about a layering .... *duck away....* Anyway do you know what is the 4d to 3sphere projection algorithm? Jesse was looking for it . thanks Really, can't remember? ehrm, how to combine those DEs with standard fractals ??? DE combo... (maybe in future: use the coords of the other fractal after n iterations or something) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 19, 2012, 11:39:49 AM who was asking the place is dying somehow ?!?!?!? !
??? ??? ??? Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 19, 2012, 12:12:45 PM Oh, it was dying before the superhero rise ;D
Uhm, btw, I was looking again at the theory and the parametric plotter to verify the figure8 thingy. Yes, my program cannot do it. But why afterall? (http://img38.imagefra.me/i51j/kriptokapi/n49j_443_u6bci.jpg) (http://i.imagefra.me/310iwql2)Uploaded at ImageFra.me (http://imagefra.me/) So in synthesis; Some knots look identical seen in x-y projection but are different, because z spins twice as fast than x,y And how in the world I can make it spin faster without touching other components? I tried to apply the identity sin(4t)=2 sin(2t) cos(2t) = 2 sin(2t) sqrt(1- sin(2t)^2 ) But if I replace z*z with 4*z*z*(1-z*z) very weird things happen, (because DE is supposed to be positive outside the knot) and in section the torus does not show plain circles anymore. Ideas? :sad1: (enclosed image of what I get roughly applying the z mangling) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: hobold on January 19, 2012, 06:13:39 PM very weird things happen, (because DE is supposed to be positive outside the knot) and in section the torus does not show plain circles anymore. Ideas? The cross section appears to be a hyperbola. Just like the circle you expected (i.e. a specific ellipse), both these curves belong to the family of quadrics (also known as conic sections). Quadrics are polynomials of total degree 2. Planar quadrics have the general formulaq(x,y) = a*x^2 + b*y^2 + c*x*y + d*x + e*y + f and any specific quadric curve is the zero set of a specific quadric, i.e. q(x,y) = 0 For an ellipse (and specifically a circle), both quadratic coefficients a and b have the same sign. For a hyperbola, they have different signs. (More special cases exist, but maybe the above information is helpful in understanding what happens with the knots.) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Syntopia on January 19, 2012, 06:44:36 PM syntopia you are kidding right? ;D Those polytopes look damnedly complicated to me. Yes, just kidding :-) But, if you need a challenge... Btw, you ask if your fake and real knots are equivalent - they are not. You can do a tricoloring of the first, but not of the real one: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricolorability (Try it - it is a bit like sudoku) who was asking the place is dying somehow ?!?!?!? ! Not dying - people are just moving on into knot theory :-) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Jesse on January 19, 2012, 07:25:37 PM Using Syntopia's GLSL snippet in Knighty's Pseudo Kleinian example (http://www.fractalforums.com/fragmentarium/fragmentarium-an-ide-for-exploring-3d-fractals-and-other-systems-on-the-gpu/msg32270/#msg32270) :) Wow, how do you put both formulas together? I did only some odd testings, but i guess you need a type of analytical formula with scaling to adjust the DE you received from the knots formula? Assuming you iterated first with the Pseudo Kleinian and did the knots after that. so, those de function cant be used to be incorporated in the fractals ? they just can be used in a layered manner ?! See what Subblue says, i think it is possible somehow, but the way m3d is using both types of formulas is really very different, and a combination is limited for some reasons. Not to say that the common formulas are also of different kinds, but are all escape time formulas. The dIFS thing is a direct DE formula without "bailouting", only n iterations minimum DE combinated. Quote .... btw. what a about a layering .... *duck away....* Yep, run bastard, run :dink: Beside of 18 bytes per pixel for a common rendering (considered to be one layer), just stick as many of images together in a lame image manipulating proggy of your choice :gum: :beer: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: subblue on January 19, 2012, 09:10:44 PM Wow, how do you put both formulas together? I did only some odd testings, but i guess you need a type of analytical formula with scaling to adjust the DE you received from the knots formula? Assuming you iterated first with the Pseudo Kleinian and did the knots after that. Yes, at the end of the main DE routine I'm just calling the Trefoil method with the final position as the input. It takes a bit of tweaking to get things lining up and it works best with a low number of iterations in the main DE loop. Code: return abs(distMult * Trefoil(p) / DEfactor) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: knighty on January 19, 2012, 10:08:58 PM Yes, Pseudo kleinian is in reality a simplification of Theli-At's MB3D parameters. IIRC the shape of that fractal is mainly due to the iteration of Mbox formula in julia mode (a relatively small number of iterations) then the basic shape is given by the remaining formulas. what I did is replacing that last part of the formula by an approximation. You can see it as an orbit trapping at the last iteration. :)
In principle and in general it is possible to do orbit trapping at each iteration. If I'm not mistaken that's waht is done in d.IFS sphere and d.IFS cube. The problem is that in general getting a good DE is problematic. Nevertheless, the MBox and KIFS and in general transformations based on planar and spherical foldings and similarities give good DE estimates. Here is my attempt, while trying to understand DarkBeam's formula. Fragmentarium script :D: Code: #info tore-imbeddebal knots by knighty (2012). Based on DarkBeam's idea (http://www.fractalforums.com/new-theories-and-research/not-fractal-but-funny-trefoil-knot-routine/30/) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: cKleinhuis on January 20, 2012, 10:42:07 AM Not dying - people are just moving on into knot theory :-) waaah, i can not allow this to happen! please combine torus de method with existing fractal de methods .... :) i know it is hard because de values are scalar, and no triplexes :( Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Alef on January 21, 2012, 03:57:48 PM Knot theory is even more strange than fractals;) But if they would look like DNA... Pelerman didn't had his billion for something about knots.
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 21, 2012, 04:11:52 PM Knot theory is even more strange than fractals;) But if they would look like DNA... Pelerman didn't had his billion for something about knots. Very true. I am trying to find a routine for figure eight-type knots, the most simple solution should be ... well very complicated, because we need to map the 3D space in unusual ways with twists and links. Figure eight cannot be done with "torus twist" alone, but needs also two smaller half-toruses that connect the ending caps. :sad1: And the caps must be very close, to make the knot look realistic And the Klein bottle? A minimum of 5 different (empty) solids are needed :o Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Alef on January 21, 2012, 05:23:12 PM Sounds difficult, but maybe something worth to search for instead of 3d mandelbrot. However strange these knots are, they had found use in protein chemistry.
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: visual.bermarte on January 22, 2012, 01:35:48 AM (http://th01.deviantart.net/fs70/PRE/i/2012/021/1/4/darknot_by_bermarte-d4n6cl1.jpg)
(http://fc02.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2012/022/e/e/darknot_b_by_bermarte-d4n888k.jpg) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: knighty on January 22, 2012, 08:52:36 PM nice renderings visual. A video is very welcome! :angel1:
I am trying to find a routine for figure eight-type knots, the most simple solution should be ... well very complicated, because we need to map the 3D space in unusual ways with twists and links. Figure eight cannot be done with "torus twist" alone, but needs also two smaller half-toruses that connect the ending caps. :sad1: And the caps must be very close, to make the knot look realistic it seems I've found a simple solution :alien: :Code: #info knot thingy by knighty (2012). Based on an idea by DarkBeam from fractalforums (http://www.fractalforums.com/new-theories-and-research/not-fractal-but-funny-trefoil-knot-routine/30/) Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 23, 2012, 12:38:03 AM It looks like an unknotted string to me :)
If you used my method without a big change you are wrong; fig8 is not torical ;) btw will check again l8...er, :D ty and woot visual Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: knighty on January 23, 2012, 11:08:05 AM Ok! compare: :)
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: visual.bermarte on January 23, 2012, 12:29:55 PM fragmentarium
http://vimeo.com/35496638 Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 23, 2012, 12:43:11 PM MY GOD wooow, you are a true genius Knighty!!!
I was thinking about doing an iterated minimum of radiuses but I failed as always! Brilliant brilliant! :worm: Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: visual.bermarte on January 23, 2012, 05:40:27 PM Eiffie's vid. :)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHJJrxdH-Oo Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 23, 2012, 07:09:35 PM Hooray, more labyrintic knotty knots :D
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Jesse on January 24, 2012, 12:12:51 AM I have no solution for these knots, polluting here everything...
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: bib on January 24, 2012, 12:17:35 AM I have no solution for these knots, polluting here everything... fractal macaroni :DTitle: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 24, 2012, 09:12:54 AM Hey, don't offend, spaghetti not macaroni :angry:
;D Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: knighty on January 24, 2012, 11:18:12 AM MY GOD wooow, you are a true genius Knighty!!! Yep! :nerd:I was thinking about doing an iterated minimum of radiuses but I failed as always! Brilliant brilliant! :worm: You finally succeeded Luca!... at bringing spaghetti into MB3D. It tastes good. :chilli: :chilli: :chilli: ;D Thank you Visual for the videos. Very nice! BTW! It should be possible to compute the "rotation" parameter in my 2nd script. It is the periodicity of the knot counted in "number of turns" (In 2*PI units). I think it is: LCM(L/GCD(M,L),L/GCD(N,L)) LCM: Least common multiple GCD: Greatest common divisor L,M and N are as defined in the knots formula: X(t)= cos(2*PI*t)*(3+cos(2*PI*M/L*t)) Y(t)= sin(2*PI*t)*(3+cos(2*PI*M/L*t)) Z(t)= sin(2*PI*N/L*t) but I'm not sure. Could anybody confirm? Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: bib on January 24, 2012, 12:23:23 PM Hey, don't offend, spaghetti not macaroni :angry: ;D Here is your spaghetti box :D => Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 24, 2012, 03:55:49 PM Woow, very cool! :D You used many iterations, so it's very dense :)
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Alef on January 24, 2012, 07:04:24 PM Could this be used to show "Generalized Poincaré conjecture"?
Quote The generalized Poincaré conjecture states that Every simply connected, closed n-manifold is homeomorphic to the n-sphere. Every n-dimensional knot can therefore be stretched into a trivial n-sphere. Just trying to convince in which dirrection to move. In Russia he is pretty famous http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Perelman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Perelman) as he probably are last genius in Russia. Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: DarkBeam on January 25, 2012, 06:57:58 PM I don't know at all :embarrass:
Title: Re: Not fractal but funny; general torus knots DE routine Post by: Alef on January 27, 2012, 03:24:44 PM Realy I'm not shure what it is, too. Be he was offered a million for that. This reminded me picture of Hemoglobine, which is made something like of knots: (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/1GZX_Haemoglobin.png/274px-1GZX_Haemoglobin.png) |